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Literally, it means ‘the sacrilegious book’, but its contextual meaning is that Western education and civilization are sinful, ungodly, and should therefore be forbidden.
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The name ‘Boko Haram’ is derived from a combination of the Hausa word boko meaning ‘book’ and the Arabic word haram, which means something sacrilegious or sinful. With this perspective, the group became popular under the name ‘Boko Haram’, and its original names (Ahlulsunna wal’jama’ah hijra had already been changed to Jama’atu Ahlus- Sunnah Lidda’Awati Wal Jihad -’People Committed to the Prophet’s Teachings for Propagation and Jihad’) were hardly known among the general public. No sooner had Yusuf taken on the mantle of leadership than the doctrine of the sect changed and he devised tenets strongly condemning Western education and civilization as taquut (evil) that should be forbidden by every Muslim. This occurred when the Amir (President) of the group, Mallam Abubakar Lawan, went to the University of Medina in 2002 to undertake further studies. Given his growing clout and reputation within this new organisation, Yusuf emerged as the leader of the Ahlulsunna wal’jama’ah hijra, displacing elderly sect members. Still dissatisfied with the doctrines/ etiquette of this group, Yusuf crossed over to another organisation called Ahlulsunna wal’jama’ah hijra or Shabaab. Perceiving the movement to be led by Shiia Muslims, Yusuf broke away and joined the Jamaatul Tajdid Islam (JTI) in Borno state. Analysts however suggest that he imbibed radical ideology during his Quranic education in those neighbouring countries.1 While this assertion cannot be scientifically verified, the exegesis of Yusuf’s involvement in religious activities can be traced back to the early 1990s, when he joined the Islamic Movement of Nigeria headed by the Late Ibrahim el-Zakzakky (a Shiiate). To compensate for this, coupled with a zeal for religious education that appears common among Northern Nigerian Muslims, Yusuf enrolled for and received a Quranic education in the Chad and Niger Republic. Despite his oratorical skills and charisma, the young Yusuf was reported to have dropped out of secondary school. He had four wives in total and twelve children. Yusuf, an indigene of Girgir village, Jalasko, Yobe State, Nigeria, was born on 29 January 1970. Although much has been written about the Boko Haram movement and its insurgent activities, there has been little comprehensive reporting on Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, the founder and former leader of the group.